Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is designed for which group?

• A. First responders
• B. Secondary trauma victims
• C. Primary trauma victims
• D. Human Resources professionals

Answer: (B)

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is designed for people who are exposed to a traumatic event through their work and experience stress reactions as a result, often those who encounter others’ trauma rather than being the direct victims themselves. This focus on secondary exposure means professionals who witness, respond to, or assist with a disaster or violent incident—rather than the primary victims—are the primary audience for CISD. The goal is to provide a structured, peer-led opportunity soon after the incident to process emotions, normalize reactions, and develop coping strategies, with the aim of preventing longer-term distress.

So, the emphasis on secondary trauma victims explains why this option is the best fit. First responders and primary trauma victims can participate in supports related to trauma, but CISD is specifically framed for those who experience stress through their professional exposure to others’ traumatic events. Human Resources professionals are not typically the target group for CISD.