In Erikson's psychosocial theory, which stage concerns intimacy versus isolation in early adulthood?

• A. Trust vs. Mistrust
• B. Industry vs. Inferiority
• C. Autonomy vs. Shame
• D. Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer: (D)

Intimacy versus isolation is the psychosocial crisis that characterizes early adulthood. In Erikson’s view, after developing a sense of self and identity in adolescence, people move toward forming close, committed relationships—romantic partnerships, deep friendships, and strong bonds with others. Successfully navigating this stage means being able to give and receive love, trust, and support while maintaining one’s own identity. When this task isn’t met, individuals may withdraw, feel isolated, and struggle with connecting to others.

The other stages mentioned occur earlier in life and involve different challenges. Trust versus Mistrust is about forming a basic sense of safety in infancy; Autonomy versus Shame is about gaining independence in toddler years; Industry versus Inferiority concerns competence and achievement during the school-age years. These are not about the intimacy-focused tasks of early adulthood.