In systems theory, a change in the forces in one part of a closed system affects the entire system. This concept is most accurately illustrated by which model?

• A. The Holland hexagon
• B. A support group
• C. Force-field analysis
• D. Johari window

Answer: (D)

In systems thinking, changing forces in one part of a closed system shifts the whole balance. Force-field analysis captures this dynamic by mapping the driving forces pushing for change and the restraining forces resisting it. When you adjust one part—say you strengthen a driving force or weaken a restraint—the overall equilibrium changes, and the system responds accordingly. This model treats the system as a balance of interconnected forces, making it clear how small adjustments can ripple through the entire structure.

The other models address different ideas: the Holland hexagon focuses on how personality types relate to work preferences, not on how forces interact within a system; a support group is a social system that can influence members but doesn’t inherently illustrate the global balance of forces driving or resisting change; the Johari window centers on self-awareness and interpersonal understanding rather than systemic force dynamics.