What technique is central to cognitive-behavioral therapy for challenging irrational beliefs?

• A. Cognitive restructuring or cognitive disputing
• B. Free association
• C. Systematic desensitization
• D. Exposure therapy

Answer: (A)

The main concept being tested is how cognitive-behavioral therapy tackles irrational beliefs by actively examining and reshaping thinking patterns. Cognitive restructuring, also called cognitive disputing, is the central technique. It involves identifying automatic negative thoughts, evaluating the supporting and opposing evidence, considering alternative explanations, and testing beliefs through reflection or behavioral experiments. The goal is to replace distorted thoughts with more accurate, flexible interpretations, which then reduces distress and guides more adaptive actions.

Other approaches mentioned fit different therapeutic roles. Free association comes from psychodynamic therapy and isn’t focused on current thought patterns or disputing beliefs. Systematic desensitization and exposure therapy are behavioral methods aimed at reducing fear responses through gradual exposure, rather than directly challenging irrational beliefs.